Clinicians, researchers, and educators at Duke University School of Medicine and across Duke Health are using artificial intelligence (AI) to schedule surgeries more efficiently, give students immediate feedback on academic writing, and help speed up drug discovery. These varied applications have one thing in common; they are pointed to well-defined tasks. That’s one crucial characteristic for trustworthy AI, especially in health care, said Michael Pencina, PhD, director of Duke AI Health and, as of August 2023, chief data scientist for Duke Health. In June 2023, researchers from Duke Health published a study in the Annals of Surgery showing that three artificial intelligence (AI) models trained on data from thousands of surgical cases were 13% more accurate in predicting operating room time needed for each procedure, compared to human schedulers alone. These AI models are now in use across all operating rooms at Duke University Health System.