As U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Jennifer Granholm looks ahead to a net-zero economy in 2050, she is working with businesses, large and small, across America, including using the tools of recent funding from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act. The Secretary is also looking to identify ways that the United States can use these funds to strengthen domestic supply chains, tackle commercialization challenges, and improve America’s manufacturing. Now, as we’re staring down the toughest challenge we’ve ever faced—the climate crisis and clean energy transition—smart industrial policy should be a no-brainer. For DOE, that means leveraging our longtime strength in clean energy research and development and using new grants, loans, and tax incentives to mitigate some of the first-mover risk so industry can deploy and commercialize technologies at scale.